What is the name given to the area between insulation facing and the interior of exterior wall coverings?

The area between insulation facing and the interior of exterior wall coverings is referred to as an air space. This space plays a crucial role in the overall insulation and energy efficiency of a building. By incorporating an air space, the design allows for the circulation of air, which can help reduce the potential for moisture accumulation in the wall assembly. This is especially important in preventing mold growth and maintaining the integrity of the insulation material.

In contrast, options such as vapor barriers serve a distinct purpose, primarily focusing on preventing moisture vapor from penetrating the insulation, while moisture barriers are designed to stop liquid water. An insulation gap, while it might seem relevant, does not properly define this specific area. Ultimately, the term "air space" most accurately describes the specific location noted in the question, emphasizing its role in thermal performance and moisture management in building construction.