What process involves combining two desirable parts of DNA?

The process of combining two desirable parts of DNA is known as gene splicing. This technique involves cutting DNA at specific locations and inserting a fragment of DNA from another source, thereby allowing the new combination of genetic material to express desired traits or characteristics. Gene splicing is foundational in biotechnology for purposes such as creating genetically modified organisms, producing insulin, or developing gene therapies.

In contrast, gene duplication refers to the process where an organism's DNA creates an identical copy of an entire gene, which can lead to genetic variation over time but does not involve combining parts from different sources. Gene extraction involves isolating DNA from cells but does not involve any manipulation or combination of different DNA pieces. Gene amplification refers to techniques used to increase the number of copies of a specific DNA segment but again does not imply combining different segments. Therefore, gene splicing specifically captures the essence of integrating distinct DNA segments into a single, new construct.