What technology is utilized for gene modification in plant breeding?

Gene splicing is a key technique utilized for gene modification in plant breeding because it involves the direct manipulation of an organism's DNA. This process allows scientists to cut and insert specific segments of genetic material into a plant's genome. By using tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, researchers can precisely edit genes to enhance desirable traits, improve resistance to pests or diseases, or increase nutritional value.

In contrast, the other options are less focused on direct gene modification. Cryopreservation primarily pertains to the preservation of plant cells, tissues, or seeds at extremely low temperatures, ensuring their viability for future use rather than altering DNA. Hybridization involves the cross-breeding of different plant varieties to produce offspring with mixed traits, which does not involve direct genetic manipulation at the molecular level. Fertilization refers to the natural or artificial fertilization of plant eggs with pollen, a biological process that leads to seed formation but does not modify the genetic structure of the plants involved. Therefore, gene splicing stands out as the method specifically designed for gene modification in plant breeding.